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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean CLKs' awareness and capacity to make use of relational affordances and learner-internal elements, were important. RIs from TS & ZL, for example mentioned their relationship with their local professor as a key factor in their decision to stay clear of criticizing a strict professor (see example 2). This article examines all local research on Korean published up to 2020. It focuses on key practical issues, including: Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs) The Discourse Completion Test (DCT) is widely used in the field of pragmatic research. It has many strengths but it also has a few drawbacks. The DCT for instance, cannot account cultural and individual differences. Furthermore, the DCT is prone to bias and could lead to overgeneralizations. As a result, it must be carefully analyzed before using it for research or assessment purposes. Despite its limitations, the DCT is a useful tool for investigating the relationship between prosody and information structure in non-native speakers. The ability to alter social variables that affect the manner of speaking in two or more steps could be a benefit. This feature can help researchers study the role of prosody in communication across cultural contexts, a major challenge in cross-cultural pragmatics. In the field of linguistics, DCT is among the most useful tools to analyze the communication habits of learners. It can be used to study a variety of issues such as politeness, turn-taking, and lexical choices. It can be used to evaluate the phonological difficulty of learners speaking. Recent research used an DCT as a tool to assess the refusal skills of EFL students. Participants were presented with a variety of scenarios to choose from, and were then asked to select the appropriate response. The authors concluded that the DCT was more efficient than other methods of refusal, including a questionnaire and video recordings. However, the researchers warned that the DCT should be employed with caution and include other types of data collection methods. DCTs can be designed using specific language requirements, like design and content. These criteria are based on intuition and based on the assumptions of test designers. They are not always precise and could misrepresent the way ELF learners actually reject requests in real-world interactions. This issue requires more investigation into alternative methods of measuring refusal competence. A recent study has compared DCT responses to requests made by students via email with the responses gathered from an oral DCT. The results showed that DCTs preferred more direct and conventionally indirect request forms and used more hints than email data. Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs) This study looked at Chinese learners making pragmatic choices when using Korean. It used a variety of experimental tools such as Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions and Refusal Interviews. 프라그마틱 데모 were 46 CLKs with intermediate or higher ability who responded to MQs and DCTs. They were also required to provide reflections on their evaluations and their refusals to participate in RIs. The results indicated that the CLKs were more likely to reject native Korean pragmatic norms, and their decisions were influenced by four primary factors that included their personalities, multilingual identities, ongoing lives, and their relational benefits. These findings have implications for pedagogy for L2 Korean assessment. The MQ data were analyzed to determine the participants' pragmatic choices. The data was classified according to Ishihara (2010)'s definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the choices were matched with their linguistic performance in the DCTs to determine whether they showed a pattern of resistance to pragmatics or not. The interviewees also had to explain why they chose an atypical behavior in certain situations. The results of the MQs and DCTs were then analyzed using descriptive statistics and z-tests. The CLKs were discovered to use euphemistic words like “sorry” or “thank you”. This could be due to their lack of familiarity with the target languages, which led to an inadequate understanding of the korean pragmatic norms. The results revealed that CLKs' preference to diverge from L1 and 2 norms or to converge towards L1 varied depending on the DCT situations. In Situations 3 and 12 CLKs favored diverging from both L1pragmatic norms – and L2-pragmatic norms while in Situation 14, CLKs preferred convergence to L1 norms. The RIs further revealed that CLKs were aware of their own pragmatism in each DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-to-one within two days after participants had completed the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribed, and then coded by two independent coders. The coding process was iterative by the coders, re-reading and discussing each transcript. The results of the coding process were contrasted with the original RI transcripts, giving an indication of how well the RIs were able to capture the fundamental behaviors. Refusal Interviews (RIs) The central question in pragmatic research is: why do some learners decide to not accept native-speaker norms? Recent research attempted to answer this question by using various experiments, including DCTs MQs and RIs. Participants comprised 46 CLKs and 44 CNSs from five Korean Universities. They were required to complete the DCTs in their native language and to complete the MQs either in their L1 or their L2. Then, they were invited to a RI where they were asked to consider their responses to the DCT situations. The results showed that, on average, the CLKs disapproved of the pragmatic norms of native speakers in more than 40% of their responses. They did so even though they could produce native-like patterns. They were also aware of their pragmatism. They attributed their choice to learner-internal factors like their personality and multilingual identities. They also referred external factors, like relational benefits. For instance, they discussed how their relationships with professors facilitated a more relaxed performance in regards to the linguistic and intercultural rules of their university. The interviewees expressed their concern about the social pressures or consequences they could be subject to if their local social norms were violated. They were worried that their native friends would perceive them as “foreigners” and believe that they are not intelligent. This was a concern similar to those voiced by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009). These findings suggest that native-speakers pragmatic norms aren't the norm for Korean learners. They may still be a useful model for official Korean proficiency tests. Future researchers should reconsider the validity of these tests in various cultural contexts and in specific situations. This will allow them to better comprehend how different environments could affect the practical behavior of L2 students in the classroom and beyond. Furthermore this will allow educators to develop more effective methodologies for teaching and testing the korea's pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi is principal advisor for Stratways Group, a geopolitical risk consulting firm based in Seoul. Case Studies The case study method is a method that focuses on intensive, participant-centered research to explore a particular subject. It is a method that makes use of multiple data sources to back up the findings, such as interviews or observations, documents and artifacts. This kind of research is useful for examining specific or complex subjects that are difficult to measure with other methods. In a case study the first step is to define the subject and the purpose of the study. This will help determine which aspects of the subject are important to study and which are best left out. It is also helpful to read the literature to gain a better knowledge of the subject and put the issue within a larger theoretical framework. This study was based on an open source platform that is the KMMLU leaderboard [50] and its Korean-specific benchmarks, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of this study showed that L2 Korean learners were particularly dependent on the influence of native models. They were more likely to select incorrect answer options that were literal interpretations of the prompts, deviating from the correct pragmatic inference. They also showed an unnatural tendency to include their own text, or “garbage,” to their responses, which further hampered their response quality. The participants of this study were all L2 Korean students who had reached level four on the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK in their second or third university year and were aiming to achieve level six on their next attempt. They were questioned about their WTC/SPCC, their pragmatic awareness and understanding perception of the world. The interviewees were presented with two scenarios, each of which involved a hypothetical interaction with their co-workers and were asked to choose one of the following strategies to use when making an inquiry. The interviewees were asked to justify their decision. The majority of the participants attributed their pragmatic resistance to their personalities. TS for instance said she was difficult to talk to and was hesitant to inquire about the health of her co-worker when they were working at a high rate, even though she believed native Koreans would.